Kuyini ukungcoliswa kokukhanya?
Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukungcoliswa kwesithombe noma ukungcola okukhanyayo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, okungaqondiwe kahle, noma okungenelele kokukhanya okwenziwe ebusuku. Kwenzeka lapho ukukhanya kwangaphandle okuvela ezilambuni zasemgwaqweni, izakhiwo, izimpawu zokukhangisa, neminye imithombo kuphazamisa ubumnyama bemvelo besibhakabhaka ebusuku futhi kuphazamisa imvelo.
Imiphumela Yokungcoliswa Kokukhanya
Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kunemiphumela eminingi emibi endaweni ezungezile, izilwane zasendle, nempilo yabantu. Nansi eminye yemithelela ebalulekile yokungcoliswa kokukhanya:
1. Imiphumela yemvelo:
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Imfucuza yamandla: Ukukhanyisa okwedlulele nokungasebenzi kahle kudla inani elikhulu lamandla, okunomthelela ekwandeni kokukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kungasiza ukonga amandla futhi kunciphise umthelela wethu wendawo.
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I-Skyglow: Ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku phezu kwezindawo ezihlala abantu ngenxa yokukhanya okwenziwayo kwenza kube nzima ukubona izinkanyezi nezinto zasemkhathini. Lokhu kunciphisa ubuhle besibhakabhaka ebusuku futhi kuvimbela ucwaningo nokubheka kwezinkanyezi.
2. Imithelela ezilwaneni zasendle:
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Ukuphazanyiswa kokuziphatha kwemvelo: Izilwane eziningi zithembele emijikelezweni yokukhanya yemvelo ukuze ihambe, ukukhwelana, ukuncelisa, nokunye ukuziphatha okubalulekile. Ukukhanya okwenziwa ebusuku kungaphazamisa le mijikelezo, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni, ukushintsha amaphethini okufuduka, kanye noshintsho ekusebenzelaneni kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
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Ukungalingani kwe-ecosystem: Ukunukubezeka okukhanyayo kungathinta ubudlelwano bezilwane ezizingelayo, ukukhula kwezitshalo, kanye nempova, okuholela ekungalinganini phakathi kwezinhlelo zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane zasebusuku ezikhangwa izibani zokwenziwa zingase zibe isisulu sezilwane ezizidlayo, kuyilapho izitshalo ezithembele kulezi zinambuzane ukuze zikhiphe impova zingase zihlupheke.
3. Imithelela empilweni yomuntu:
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Ukuphazamiseka kokulala: Ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni okwenziwa ebusuku, ikakhulukazi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhishwa izinto zikagesi nezibani ze-LED, kungaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melatonin, ihomoni elawula imijikelezo yokulala. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zokulala, ukukhathala, nezinye izinkinga zempilo.
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Impilo yengqondo: Ukuchayeka okungamahlalakhona ekukhanyeni okwenziwe ebusuku kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokwanda kwengcindezi, ukukhathazeka, nokudangala. Ukugcina ubumnyama bemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe inhlalakahle yengqondo kanye nezinga lempilo jikelele.
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impilo: Izindlela zokulala eziphazamisekile nezigqi ze-circadian ziye zahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yezimo ezingapheli ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo.
4. Ukuphepha nokungaphatheki kahle okubukwayo:
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Glare: Ukukhanya okwedlulele okuvela ekukhanyisweni okungaklami kahle noma okungaqondisiwe kungabangela ukungakhululeki noma konakalise ukubona. Ukucwebezela kuyingozi ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela noma uhamba ebusuku, njengoba kunciphisa ukubonakala futhi kwandisa ingozi yezingozi.
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Iphutha elincane: Ukukhanya okungafuneki noma okugxambukelayo okuchithekela ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane noma ezindaweni lapho kungadingeki khona kungahlasela ubumfihlo futhi kudalele izakhamuzi isicefe.
Izinzuzo zezibani ze-LED njengenye indlela yokukhanyisa kwe-Incandescent
Izibani ze-LED (Light Emitting Diode) zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kokukhanyisa kwendabuko kwe-incandescent, okuzenza zibe enye indlela ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
1. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Izibani ze-LED zisebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kunama-incandescent bulb, ngokuvamile asebenzisa ugesi ongaphansi ngo-75% kuya ku-80%. Lokhu ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhumusha ukwehlisa izikweletu zikagesi kanye ne-carbon footprint encane, okunomthelela ekusimameni kwemvelo.
2. Ukuphila okude: Amalambu e-LED anokuphila okude kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-incandescent bulb, ahlala izikhathi ezifika kwezingu-25 ubude. Lokhu kuphila okwandisiwe kunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo, ukonga imali ezindlekweni zokunakekela kanye nokunciphisa ukumosha.
I-3. Ukuqina: Amalambu e-LED ahlala isikhathi eside futhi amelana nokuphuka kunama-incandescent bulbs ngoba awaqukethe imicu entekenteke noma izivalo zengilazi. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izindawo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinokudlidliza, imithelela, noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
4. Ukukhanya okusheshayo: Ngokungafani namalambu e-compact fluorescent (CFLs), angase adinge isikhathi sokufudumala ukuze afinyelele ukukhanya okugcwele, ama-LED athola ukukhanya okugcwele khona manjalo lapho ekhanyisile. Lokhu kungaba inzuzo ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kudingeka ukukhanyisa ngokushesha.
5. Iyacimeka: Izibani eziningi ze-LED zihambisana nokushintsha kwe-dimmer, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise amazinga okukhanya ngokuya ngokuthanda kwabo nezidingo zabo. Lesi sici sinomthelela ekongeni amandla futhi sithuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwezibani ze-LED kuzilungiselelo ezihlukene.
6. Ukukhanyisa okuqondile: Izibani ze-LED zikhipha ukukhanya endaweni ethile, zinciphisa isidingo sezibonisi kanye nama-diffuser ukuze abambe futhi aqondise ukukhanya. Lesi sici senza ama-LED asebenze kahle kakhulu emisebenzini nasekukhanyeni kwe-accent, njengoba ukukhanya okuncane kumoshwa noma kuhlakazwe ezindleleni ezingafunwa.
7. Umbala ohlukahlukene: Ama-LED atholakala ngemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kwesidingo sezihlungi zemibala, ehlinzeka ngokunwebeka kokuguquguquka kwedizayini kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, njengokukhanya kokuhlobisa, ama-accents ezakhiwo, nezimpawu.
8. Imvelo: Izibani ze-LED azinazo izinto ezinobuthi, njenge-mercury, ezitholakala kuma-CFL. Lokhu kuzenza zibe nobungane kakhulu kwimvelo futhi kube lula ukuzilahla ekupheleni kwesikhathi sabo sokuphila. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncishisiwe kwezibani ze-LED kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Izindlela Zokunciphisa Ukungcola Kokukhanya Ngama-Streetlights e-LED
Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya ngezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yokuhlela amasu, idizayini yokukhanyisa efanele, kanye nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuguquguqukayo. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya ngenkathi usebenzisa izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED:
1. Ukuvikela kanye nezakhiwo ezigcwele zokusika: Sebenzisa izinto ezivikelwe ngokuphelele noma ezinqanyuliwe eziqondisa ukukhanya phansi futhi zikuvikele ekukhishweni phezulu noma ngokuvundlile. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhanya kwe-skyglow kanye nokungena kokukhanya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kugxile kuphela endaweni ehlosiwe.
2. Amazinga okukhanya afanelekile: Khetha izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ezinamaleveli okukhanya afanelekile endawo ethile nohlelo lokusebenza. Ukukhanyisa ngokweqile kunomthelela ekungcoleni kokukhanya futhi kumoshe amandla. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela ehlinzekwe yi-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) kungasiza ekunqumeni amazinga okukhanyisa afanelekile ezimo ezihlukahlukene.
3. Amazinga okushisa ombala ofudumele: Khetha izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ezinombala ofudumele wokushisa (ngaphansi kuka-3000K), okhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuncane. Ukukhanya okucebile okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokukhuphuka kwe-skyglow kanye nokukhathazeka kwezempilo okungenzeka. Amazinga okushisa ombala afudumele akhiqiza ukukhanya okubukeka kwemvelo okwengeziwe futhi okungenamandla, okunciphisa umthelela emvelweni nempilo yomuntu.
4. Izilawuli zokufiphalisa neziguquguqukayo: Sebenzisa amandla okufiphalisa noma izilawuli eziguquguqukayo njengezibali sikhathi nezinzwa ezinyakazayo zamalambu omgwaqo e-LED. Lokhu kuvumela izibani ukuthi zilungiswe ngokuya kwesikhathi sosuku, izimo zethrafikhi, noma ukusetshenziswa kwangempela, ukonga amandla nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya okungadingekile.
5. Isikhala esifanele nobude: Qinisekisa ukuthi izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zifakwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifanele futhi zihlukaniswe ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme ukukhanya okungaphezulu kanye nokungena ekukhanyeni. Isikhala esifanele nobude bunomthelela ekusabalaliseni ukukhanya okufanayo, kuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokuphepha kuyilapho kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya.
6. Ukugcinwa njalo: Yenza ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokuhlanza izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle kwazo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Izinto ezingcolile noma ezilimele zingaholela ekwandeni kokukhanya nokungcoliswa kokukhanya.
7. Ukuhlela nokwazisa umphakathi: Sebenzisana nemiphakathi yendawo, abahleli, nabathatha izinqumo ukuze uqwashise ngokungcoliswa kokukhanya nomthelela wako. Khuthaza ukwamukelwa kwezinqubo zokukhanyisa ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezinqubomgomo zokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha.
8. Izitifiketi ezinobungani nesibhakabhaka esimnyama: Cabangela ukusebenzisa izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ezigunyazwe njengezilungele isibhakabhaka esimnyama izinhlangano ezifana ne-International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). Le mikhiqizo yakhelwe ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kuyilapho inikeza ukukhanya okwanele nokusebenza kahle.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ngamalambu e-LED Street
Nakuba izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nezinzuzo zemvelo, zingase futhi zethule ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingaklanywanga kahle noma zingafakwanga. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezikhathazayo ezijwayelekile ezihlotshaniswa nezibani zomgwaqo ze-LED:
1. Ukucwebezela: Uma izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zikhanya kakhulu noma ziqondiswe ngendlela engafanele, zingakhipha ukukhanya okudlulele, okwenza kube nzima kwabahamba ngezinyawo nabashayeli ukuthi babone kahle. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi ebusuku, njengoba kungase kwandise ingozi yezingozi.
2. Isiphambeko esincane: Izibani zasemgwaqweni eziklanywe kabi noma ezifakiwe ze-LED zingaholela ekuphambukeni okuncane, lapho ukukhanya okungafuneki noma okuphazamisayo kuchithekela ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane noma ezindaweni lapho kungadingeki khona. Ukweqa okungatheni kungaphazamisa ukulala, kuhlasele ubumfihlo, futhi kudale inkathazo kubahlali.
3. Ukukhanya okucebile okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nezinga lokushisa lombala: Ezinye izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zikhipha ingxenye ephezulu yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zomgwaqo ezivamile. Ukukhanya okucebile okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka okwenyukile, ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kwezilwane zasendle, kanye nokukhathazeka okungase kube khona ngempilo yabantu, njengokuphazamiseka kwamaphethini okulala. Ukwengeza, amazinga okushisa ombala opholile (amanani aphezulu e-Kelvin) angaholela ekukhanyeni okuqinile, okubukeka kancane kwemvelo, kuthinte ukunikezwa kombala kanye nobuhle.
4. Ukunikezwa kombala: Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-LED buye bathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yakamuva, ezinye izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zisengase zibe namandla angaphansi wokunikeza umbala, okwenza imibala ibonakale ingagqamile noma inembile uma iqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwemini kwemvelo. Ukunikezwa kombala okungalungile kungathinta ukubonakala, ubuhle, kanye nekhwalithi iyonke yendawo ekhanyisiwe.
5. Flicker: Ezinye izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zingabonisa ukucwayiza noma imiphumela ye-stroboscopic ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi. Nakuba lokhu kucwayiza kungase kungabonakali ngeso lenyama, kungabangela ukungaphatheki kahle, ukucindezelwa kwamehlo, noma kubangele imigraines noma isithuthwane kubantu abazwelayo.
Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Izibani Ze-LED Emphakathini Wakho
Ukusebenzisa izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED emphakathini wakho kungaholela ekongeni ugesi okubalulekile, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa, kanye nokubonakala okuthuthukisiwe nokuphepha. Nawa amanye amathiphu okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukushintshela okuyimpumelelo kumalambu omgwaqo e-LED:
1. Hlola isimo samanje sokukhanyisa: Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwezibani zasemgwaqweni ezikhona emphakathini wakho, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwazo, amanzi, indawo, nesimo. Lokhu kuhlola kuzosiza ukukhomba izindawo lapho kudingeka khona ukuthuthukiswa futhi kunikeze isisekelo sokuqhathanisa nezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ezihlongozwayo.
2. Yenza uhlelo oluphelele: Dala uhlelo olunemininingwane echaza izinjongo, isabelomali, umugqa wesikhathi, kanye nesu lokusebenzisa iphrojekthi ye-LED streetlight. Lolu hlelo kufanele lubandakanye ukuhlaziya ukonga amandla okungaba khona, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokunakekela, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo.
3. Bandakanya ababambiqhaza: Bandakanya ababambiqhaza ababalulekile, njengezikhulu zikahulumeni wendawo, izinkampani zezinsiza, izakhamuzi, nabanikazi bamabhizinisi, ohlelweni lokuhlela nokwenza izinqumo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwakha ukuvumelana nokusekelwa kwephrojekthi ngenkathi kubhekwana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma ukuphikisa.
4. Khetha izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zekhwalithi ephezulu: Khetha izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ezihlangabezana noma ezeqa izindinganiso zomkhakha zokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina. Cabangela izici ezifana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, izinga lokushisa lombala, inkomba yokunikeza umbala (CRI), ubude besikhathi, kanye nesiqinisekiso lapho ukhetha.
5. Beka phambili umklamo wokukhanyisa ofanele: Qinisekisa ukuthi izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zifakwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifanele futhi zihlukaniswe ngokufanele ukuze zinikeze ukukhanya okufanayo kuyilapho unciphisa ukuxhopha, ukuphambuka kokukhanya, kanye nokungcoliswa kokukhanya. Sebenzisa izinto ezisikiwe noma ezivikelekile ukuze uqondise ukukhanya phansi futhi ucabangele amandla okufiphalisa noma izilawuli eziguquguqukayo zokonga amandla okwengeziwe.
6. Uhlelo lwe-Pilot: Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola ngokufaka izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED endaweni encane yomphakathi wakini ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwazo, uqoqe impendulo kubahlali, futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokwandisa iphrojekthi.
7. Ukuvikeleka kwezimali: Hlola izinketho zoxhaso ezihlukene zephrojekthi ye-LED streetlight, njengezibonelelo, imali ebolekiwe enenzalo ephansi, ubambiswano lomphakathi nezizimele, noma izinhlelo zokukhuthaza usizo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa izindleko zangaphambili futhi kuqinisekise imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
8. Fundisa umphakathi: Ukuqwashisa ngezinzuzo zezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED kanye nokubaluleka kwezinqubo zokukhanyisa ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya. Nikeza ulwazi ngenqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi, ukonga amandla, kanye nomthelela wemvelo ukuze ugcine ukwesekwa nomdlandla wohlelo.
9. Qaphela futhi uhlole: Qhubeka uqaphe futhi uhlole ukusebenza kwezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED ngemva kokufakwa. Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokulungiswa ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Isiphetho
Uma kucatshangelwa konke lokhu, kusobala ukuthi izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zinikeza amandla amakhulu okunciphisa umthelela wokungcoliswa kokukhanya kuyilapho futhi ebiza kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle kunezixazululo zokukhanyisa zasemgwaqweni ezivamile. Ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe be-LED ngendlela yezibani zomgwaqo kungaba yisixazululo esilula sokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukubonakala, nokuhlala ezindaweni zomphakathi. Inqubo yoshintsho ilula uma kuqhathaniswa, nemisebenzi eminingi ifanele noma yimuphi umasipala—yize izinzuzo ezinkulu zemvelo zingadinga ukufakwa kwe-LED ngezinga elikhulu.
Uma umphakathi wakini ufuna uhlelo lokukhanyisa olusimeme oluzokonga amandla futhi lunciphise ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kuyilapho lunikeza ukukhanya ngisho nokubonakala okuhle, ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Asikaze sibe khona isikhathi esingcono sokucisha lezo zibani ze-incandescent eziphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuhle! Omasipala abanentshisekelo yokwenza lolu shintsho kufanele babheke ekukhetheni kwethu okuphelele kwezibani ze-LED namuhla - xhumana nabaphathi bomkhiqizo wethu ukuze uthole izixazululo zokuthola ulwazi ezichwepheshile!
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