Izibani zasemgwaqweni eziholwa yi-solar ziye zaba khona yonke indawo emphakathini wanamuhla, zinikeza isisombululo sokukhanyisa esinokwethenjelwa nesimeme ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Kusukela emigwaqweni ephithizelayo yasemadolobheni kuya emapaki omphakathi, izindawo zokuhlala, izimboni, ngisho nezindawo zezivakashi, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ziye zabonakala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yesimanje.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga yikhono lazo lokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengokukhanya kwelanga, futhi liwaguqule libe ugesi. Lobu buchwepheshe obuluhlaza abunciphisi nje kuphela ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni okudala ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kodwa futhi kusiza ekwehliseni imiphumela eyingozi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga, kubalulekile ukukhulisa amandla azo okushaja. Ngokuya ngendawo nezimo zemvelo, amaphaneli elanga angase angatholi njalo ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele, okungaholela ekwehleni kokushaja kahle kanye nokuncipha kweminyaka yokuphila kwebhethri. Le bhulogi izobheka izici eziyinhloko ze-2 ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokushaja ukukhanya komgwaqo welanga le-LED futhi zinikeze izixazululo eziningana.
Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokushaja kwezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zelanga kubalulekile ukuze zisebenze ngempumelelo. Kunqunywa izici ezimbili eziyinhloko:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga kubhekisela kumaphesenti okukhanya kwelanga aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi asebenzisekayo ngamaseli e-photovoltaic (PV) ngaphakathi kwephaneli. Ngamanye amazwi, kuyisilinganiso sokuthi iphaneli yelanga ingakwazi kanjani ukukhiqiza ugesi emisebeni yelanga etholakalayo.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi yamaseli e-PV, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, inqubo yokukhiqiza, nezimo zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa nokuthungatha.
Ngokujwayelekile, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaphaneli elanga atholakalayo kwezentengiso kusuka ku-15% kuya ku-22%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye encane kuphela yokukhanya kwelanga eshaya iphaneli iguqulwa ibe ugesi, kuyilapho okunye kudonswa njengokushisa noma kubonakale kude.
Amaphaneli elanga asezingeni eliphakeme, enziwe nge-silicon ye-monocrystalline, avame ukuba nempumelelo ephezulu yokuguqula, kusukela ku-19% kuya ku-22%. Amaphaneli e-polycrystalline silicon anamandla aphansi kancane, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-15% no-17%. Amaphaneli elanga acwebile, asebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-amorphous silicon, i-cadmium telluride (CdTe), noma i-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), ngokuvamile anamandla aphansi okuguqula, asukela ku-10% kuya ku-12%.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwesibili
Igama elithi "ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwesibili" akulona igama elijwayelekile elisetshenziswa kumongo wezinhlelo zamandla elanga. Kodwa-ke, kungahunyushwa ngokuthi kubhekiselwa ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqula ugesi wamanje (DC) okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga abe ngugesi oshintshashintshayo wamanje (AC) yi-inverter, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwenzeni ugesi usetshenziswe yizinto ezisetshenziswayo zasendlini kanye nogesi. igridi yamandla.
Ama-inverter adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga, njengoba eguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga abe amandla e-AC, ahambisana negridi kagesi kanye nemishini eminingi kagesi. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter iphesenti lamandla okufakwayo e-DC aguqulwa ngempumelelo abe amandla e-AC aphumayo.
Ama-inverters esimanje ngokuvamile asebenza kahle ukusuka ku-90% kuya ku-98%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphesenti amancane kagesi akhiqizwa ama-solar panels alahlekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqulwa, ngokuvamile ngendlela yokushisa. Ama-inverters ekhwalithi ephezulu azoba nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukunciphisa lokhu kulahlekelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla amaningi akhiqizwa yi-solar ayatholakala ukuze asetshenziswe.
Okwangaphambili kubhekisela ekhonweni lephaneli lokuguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla kazibuthe kagesi angasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, njengokukhanyisa nokushisisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kwakamuva kuphathelene nenani lamandla okukhanya angagcinwa ebhethrini ngemva kokuba seliguqulwe laba amandla kazibuthe kagesi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED zelanga zihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanyisa ebusuku, amandla ebhethri alezi zibani kufanele abe cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.2 inani lamandla okukhiphayo akhiqizwe isistimu yelanga ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimfuneko zokukhanyisa ziyahlangatshezwa ubusuku bonke, futhi isitoreji esiyisipele sikhona ukuze silawule izinguquko zamaphethini wesimo sezulu noma ukuhlukahluka kwemisebe yelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele nje kuphela kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwezibani ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya okubamba amanzi aphansi kodwa futhi nokulungiswa kwamanje kufanele kwenziwe kumasekhethi okulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-circuits okulawula amalambu e-solar LED emgwaqweni kufanele agcinwe ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela wokulungiswa kwesixhumanisi sokushaja usebenza ngokugcwele futhi unomthelela omuhle kuwo wonke amasekhethi okulawula asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokukhanyisa, okuhlanganisa izinzwa zokukhanya, izinzwa ezinyakazayo, namabhodi okulawula. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezigugile noma ezilimele kumjikelezo wokulawula kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokukhanyisa, okungase kuthinte kabi ukusebenza kwayo jikelele.
Isiphetho
Izibani zasemgwaqweni eziholwa yi-solar azigcinanga nje ngokuba khona yonke indawo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa zinikeza isevisi eyigugu uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha komphakathi nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Sithemba ukuthi ngokuhlola izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu zezinhlelo zokukhanyisa kwelanga - ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwesibili - sikunike amandla okuqonda kangcono ukuthi asebenza kanjani. Phela, ukuqwashisa ngalezi zixazululo kubalulekile lapho kuhlolwa izidingo kanye nokuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala izimali kumaphrojekthi ahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Uma ungathanda usizo olwengeziwe ekuqondeni ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa emgwaqweni welanga noma udinga usizo ngezisombululo zokuthola umkhiqizo ezivela ethimbeni lethu lochwepheshe, ungangabazi ukusithinta. Siyabonga ngesikhathi sakho!