Ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle kwe-solar kuye kwanda ekudumeni kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ngenxa yezinto eziningi. Lezi zixazululo ezintsha azigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwegridi, kodwa futhi zinikeza ukukhanya okuthembekile ezindaweni ezingakaxhunywa kugridi, kuyilapho zinikeza enye indlela eluhlaza ekuthumbeni amandla ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Izibani zelanga seziphenduke isici esijwayelekile kumaphrojekthi amasha futhi zibonise izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezindleko lapho kubuyekezwa ingqalasizinda kagesi engaphansi komhlaba endala. Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani ukukhanya kwelanga kuye kwaduma kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
Ukuphepha Kwegridi: Inzuzo Yokuqala Yokukhanya Kwelanga
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukukhanya kwelanga kwenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwegridi, ukuhlinzeka abathengisi nama-ejenti ngezixazululo zokukhanyisa eziphephile nezithembekile.
Yehlisa ukuncika kwegridi
Amasistimu okukhanyisa elanga anciphisa ukuthembela kugridi yamandla evamile, ebeka ukuqoqwa kwamandla nokugcinwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Lokhu kuzimela akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesistimu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo engqalasizinda yamandla, ukunikeza amakhasimende izinketho zokukhanyisa eziphephile nezithembekile.
Ukuphathwa kwamandla okukhaliphile
Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokukhanyisa ilanga lufakwe ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha amandla obuhlakaniphile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphathwa kahle nokuqapha amandla. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lungaqapha ukude ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, luthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, lunciphise ukungcola, futhi lunikeze amakhasimende izisombululo ezongayo nezemvelo.
Ukuphepha kwegridi kuyisizathu esingu-1 sesizathu sokuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kuholele emakethe, okuhlinzeka abathengisi ngamathuba engeziwe okubasiza bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo samakhasimende sezixazululo zamandla eziqhubekayo, ezisebenza kahle.
I-Federal, State and Local Mandates: Usekelo Lokulawula Lokukhanya Kwelanga
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ukukhanya kwelanga kuye kwanda ngenxa yokuduma ngenxa yemithetho yezwe, yesifunda neyendawo ekusekelayo, okuhlinzeka abathengisi ngamathuba emakethe abanzi.
uhlelo lokukhuthaza imali
Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhuthaza amandla elanga, ohulumeni bezifundazwe nohulumeni bakhuthaza amabhizinisi futhi Isikhungo sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa ilanga. Lokhu kunikeza amakhasimende izikhuthazo zezezimali ezikhangayo zamaphrojekthi, okushayela ukwamukelwa okusabalele kokukhanya kwelanga.
Ukubambisana kwephrojekthi yohulumeni wasekhaya
Aya ngokwanda amaphrojekthi kahulumeni wasekhaya akhetha ukukhanyisa kwelanga njengento yokuqala abayikhethayo ekukhanyisweni kwasemadolobheni nasemphakathini. Ukusebenzisana nohulumeni basekhaya kukunikeza ithuba lokubamba iqhaza kulawa maphrojekthi futhi unikeze izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokukhanyisa ilanga ngenkathi futhi ufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamadolobha.
Ukwesekwa kokulawulwa kombuso, kwesifunda kanye nendawo kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuchuma kwemboni yezibani zelanga futhi kuvula ingosi yemakethe ebanzi yabathengisi nama-ejenti. Lolu shintsho endaweni yokulawula lwenza ukukhanya kwelanga kube yinto enokwenzeka futhi ekhangayo, ukushayela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa embonini.
Awekho amandla atholakalayo: Izixazululo zokukhanyisa ngaphandle kwegridi zokukhanyisa kwelanga
Isizathu sesithathu sokuduma kokukhanyisa kwelanga eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ukuthi inikeza izixazululo zokukhanyisa ngaphandle kwegridi ezimeni lapho kungekho mthombo wamandla otholakalayo, ukwandisa izimo zokufaka izicelo zabathengisi nama-ejenti.
Ifanele izindawo ezikude
Kwezinye izindawo ezikude, awekho ugesi otholakalayo, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezivamile. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele kokukhanya kwelanga kwenza kube kuhle kulezi zindawo, ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezixazululo ezibenza bakwazi ukukhonza imakethe ebanzi.
Ukutholwa kwezinhlekelele nezimo eziphuthumayo
Uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlekelele, ukunikezwa kwamandla kungase kuphazamiseke futhi ukukhanya okujwayelekile kungase kungasebenzi. Uhlelo lokukhanyisa ilanga lunamandla angaphandle kwegridi futhi lunikeza ukukhanya okuphuthumayo ukuze kulungiswe inhlekelele, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokubhekana nezinhlekelele nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Amaphrojekthi eselula nawesikhashana
Ukukhanyisa kwelanga kuzifanele kakhulu izigcawu ezidinga ukunyakaza okuvamile noma amaphrojekthi esikhashana. Ukuphatheka kwayo kanye nokuba lula kwayo kuyenza ibe isisombululo esikahle sokukhanyisa ezindaweni zokwakha, imisebenzi yangaphandle namaphrojekthi eselula, ihlinzeka abathengisi nama-ejenti ngamathuba ebhizinisi engeziwe.
Inzuzo yokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle komthombo wamandla otholakalayo iyenza ifaneleke ukuxazulula izidingo zokukhanya kwesigcawu esikhethekile njengamaphrojekthi akude, inhlekelele namaselula. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinjalo, abathengisi nama-ejenti abagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zangempela zamakhasimende, kodwa futhi balethe indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa emabhizinisini abo.
Ezinye izindlela Ezikuhlaza: Idrayivu Yokusimama Yokukhanya Kwelanga
Isizathu sesine esiqhuba ukuthandwa kokukhanya kwelanga yisimo saso njengenye indlela eluhlaza, ukuhlinzeka abathengisi be-B-end nama-ejenti ngemikhiqizo ehambisana nezitayela zentuthuko esimeme.
Ukutholwa kwamandla ahlanzekile
Amasistimu okukhanyisa elanga asebenzisa amandla elanga njengomthombo wamandla, anciphisa ukuthembela emithonjeni yamandla endabuko futhi asize ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint. Kumabhizinisi nezikhungo eziphishekela ukusimama, lokhu kuba yisizathu esibalulekile sokukhetha ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nesibopho emphakathini
Amabhizinisi nemiphakathi baya ngokuya benaka ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuzibophezela komphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zelanga akukhiqizi igesi eyingozi futhi kuhambisana nezindinganiso zamandla aluhlaza, okuvumela amakhasimende we-B-end ukuthi akhuthaze imikhiqizo yawo ngesithombe esivumelana nemvelo.
Ukonga amandla nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kwezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ilanga kusiza izinkampani zehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi zinciphise izikweletu zamandla. Kubathengisi be-B-end nama-ejenti anaka ukongiwa kwamandla, lokhu akuwona nje umnikelo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, kodwa futhi ukulawula okuphumelelayo kwezindleko zokusebenza.
Njengenye indlela eluhlaza okotshani, ukukhanya kwelanga akugcini nje ngokubhekelela isidingo esikhulayo sokusimama kwemakethe, kodwa futhi kunikeza abathengisi nama-ejenti ithuba lokuthuthukisa imiqondo evumelana nemvelo futhi balolonge isithombe sabo esihle emakethe.
Yonga Imali: I-Economics of Solar Lighting
Isizathu sokugcina esicindezelayo sokukhanya kwelanga phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu ngokwezinzuzo zezomnotho, okudala amathuba angempela okonga izindleko kubathengisi nama-ejenti.
ukusebenza kwezindleko zesikhathi eside
Amasistimu okukhanyisa ilanga anezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ukuwafaka nokusebenza, futhi aqeda isidingo sezindleko eziqhubekayo zamandla. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abathengisi, ama-ejenti namakhasimende abo bazozuza ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza futhi bathole izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside.
Yonga izindleko zamandla
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa zendabuko, ukukhanya kwelanga kusebenzisa amabhethri ashajwa kabusha elanga futhi akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwengeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zamandla. Lokhu ukonga izindleko okubalulekile kubathengisi namakhasimende abo.
Izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezisebenzayo
Amasistimu okukhanyisa elanga asebenzisa izinto ze-LED, ezinikeza ukuphila okude nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kakhudlwana. Lokhu kusho izindleko eziphansi zokushintsha nokulungisa, okuletha izinzuzo zezomnotho ezilawulekayo kubathengisi.
Ngokukhetha izibani zelanga, abathengisi nama-ejenti abakwazi nje ukusiza amakhasimende ukuthi abone ukonga izindleko ezinkulu, kodwa futhi banikeze izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza kahle nezisimeme eziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho emabhizinisini abo. Uma unesithakazelo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ungakwazi xhumana nethimba lethu labadayisi abaqeqeshiwe futhi bazoklelisa izixazululo ezifanele zokukhanyisa kwelanga kuwe.
A
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